raising cattle :: essays research papers

Raising Cattle across America Cattle are being produced all across the United States. From Canada to the Gulf of Mexico and from California to the Atlantic Ocean there are several thousand head of cattle being raised. However these cattle are all being raised the some way or under the same conditions. Ranchers in the north have to deal with snow and ice while the southern ranchers are dealing with mud, water, and, mosquitoes. The people raising cattle in the Midwest are faced with droughts and having to keep their crops and cattle watered. Raising cattle in the northern part of the United States is more than just raising cattle and being cold while you do it. Keeping your cattle with fresh water, feed, and, hay is sometimes a task anywhere in the country much less when you have to deal with temperatures that are twenty degrees below zero. When it is this cold outside your cattle do not have fresh water until you go and break the five to ten inches of ice on top of their water trough. Feeding your herd also creates problems. When you get the hay for your herd to make it through the winter it can not be just any hay. You have to send your hay to a laboratory to get it tested. By having your hay tested this tells you if your hay has enough protein for your cattle to make it through the harsh winters. â€Å"We’ve had cattle starve to death with full bellies† says Paul Walker, extension livestock agent of Alamance County, North Carolina. â€Å"They received plenty of hay but it was not enough to meet the ir nutritional needs.† The hay you feed needs to be at least nine to fourteen percent protein. The higher the protein the better the hay is and the better the hay you feed the better your cows will be. Just below the extreme northern part of the country is where droughts are a

Interpersonal Relationships Essay

Interpersonal relationships can either be defensive or supportive. I find myself being both very many times because I can see things in all different aspects. I try to put myself in the persons shoes in order to determine what would be best in my eyes, A supportive relationship is one where you back up the persons ideas and actions. I believe a manager must always have a supportive relationship with their boss in order to enforce rules in the workplace. If the manager does not enforce their supervisor’s rules then things would go very wrong. A defensive relationship is something we see very often because we all have different opinions. In the workplace especially when working in the healthcare field being defensive can be mistaken for aggression. Having a defensive relationship means that although you work together you have different views and they are expressed. I had a meeting last week where I actually had to speak defensively towards the CEO of the company. Our quota was being held against us in a manner that I did not agree with and I advised the manager. Since she did not acknowledge my suggestion I brought it up in our meeting and not only was I acknowledged our quotas are being reviewed. Part of being a successful communicator whether it is defensive or supportive is being assertive. Being assertive is essential in our daily lives especially in the workplace. There are plenty of times when we are trying to submit claims to the insurance company but they require more information. Many times we try to request more information such as letter of medical necessities from the doctors and they refuse because they feel they documented enough. Because we work for them we are not allowed to tell them what to do but this is when being assertive comes in. You advise the doctor that the insurance company is requesting more information than what is in the medical records and that if the letter is not done by a certain time the insurance company will not pay for the services that were rendered. Being assertive means being straight forward and strong with your style of communication without being aggressive or demeaning. Being assertive is like demanding something without the umpgh. I believe I effectively communicate within my interpersonal relationships. I always am assertive when speaking. I stand my ground and make my point clear and aggression is rarely ever used. I do defend my ideas and my points fully with everyone I speak to. Even at home I do not yell at my son unless he has done something truly incorrect. I always talk to him and show him right from wrong and explain why things should be done a certain way. Interpersonal relationships are essential in life. We all need to work together in our everyday lives in order to accommodate one another and not to offend anyone. In the healthcare field we all have the same goals and that is to make sure that the patient gets the care they need while the insurance companies pay the claims for our doctors. The healthcare field is filled with interpersonal relationships. We all depend on one another in order to do our job correctly. The doctor needs the nurse the nurse needs the front desk and everyone needs the billers. In the healthcare field we must use our confidence in order to be assertive. Being confident means knowing and standing for what you believe is right and expressing that. Being assertive means standing your ground without proof and without being aggressive. Although I believe being assertive works much better when there is proof because it shows that you researched what you are discussing. Assertiveness is a need in any field because you must speak your mind in order to communicate effectively and if you work in the healthcare field than being assertive will make you a very successful healthcare professional.

Internationalisation and the European Nation State Essay

Question 1 It is undeniable that the state of world affairs has dramatically evolved since the end of the Second World War. More specifically, the surge of development in IT has been the chief reason that our world has become less a mosaic of nation-states and more a melting pot of societies, cultures, and associations whereby nation-states are inevitably bound to trans-national phenomena. As Cox notes, â€Å"globalization [generates] a more complex multi-level world political system, which implicitly challenges the old Westphalian assumption that ‘a state is a state is a state'† (Cox, in Pierson, p.181). This work shall support this notion of globalization by highlighting two problems from Pierson, namely decreased anarchy in the global political arena, and the influence of the global economy on nation-states. These issues will be defined and then discussed in relation to Lindensjà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s conceptions of Realist democracy and Communitarian democracy respectively. Decreased anarchy refers to the marginalization of the autonomy of nation-states in the international order. The growing interdependence between nations across the globe has resulted in a redirection of respective national interests towards the sphere of global rather than domestic (Pierson 174). What this means for realist democracy is a skewed orientation of political candidates; they become no longer dedicated to domestic issues but those of an international nature instead. The problem with this lies in the fact that the success of the Realist democratic concept (in Lindensjà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s view) is dependent upon the competition of political leaders to win approval (via votes) from the citizens. There is a problem if politicians win a seat in office with a platform claiming to be ‘for the people,’ and then redirect their interests after election to the international sphere. The welfare of the citizens is left on the sidelines in place of external issues, and the fruits of Realist democracy are not enjoyed by the people who voted for it, thus the legitimacy of the democratic process diminishes. This is especially a danger in realist democracy since representation by political actors replaces active participation by the citizens; â€Å"[Realist democracy] thus does not entail, cannot entail, governance by the people in a real sense. It can only entail the people having the possibility to accept or reject pretenders, i.e. elect those that govern† (Lindensjà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 3). These elected representatives, are in turn subjected to a political framework where, â€Å"†¦international institutions, conventions and regimes moderate the extent to which inter-state relations can be conceived as genuinely and ‘actively’ anarchic† (Pierson 175). Thus, the validity of Realist democracy is compromised seeing as though anarchy is its cornerstone. Similarly, Communitarian democracy is also restricted by the over-arching nature of the international order. Lindensjà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s conception of Communitarian democracy requires nations to be able to pursue interests in a collective manner, with its citizens as an intrinsic part of the democracy (Lindensjà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 11). There is a great emphasis placed on compromise – a sort of give and take to realize the maximum of individual ideals in a collective manner. This sort of idyllic outlook on forming a democratic community would be difficult to practice even in the small, cohesive communities of Ancient Greece. The decreased anarchy of the international order today magnifies the difficulty of assimilating different people, groups, and ideas under a collective banner. To imagine what Lindensjà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ refers to as a ‘homelike community’ seems like a far stretch seeing that an increasingly interdependent world melds such a sheer mass of different people, outlooks, and traditions. The scale of interdependency in today’s world most certainly underpins the ‘homelike’ values necessary for effective Communitarian democracy especially where individuals’ interests are drawn outside the domestic sphere. Perhaps the most influential factor working against the Westphalian concept of global politics is the nature of modern global markets. Today, domestic economies cannot escape the forces of the international economy (Pierson 171). As Cox notes, â€Å"†¦economic globalization has placed constraints upon the autonomy of states and, increasingly, states must become the instruments for adjusting national economic activities to the exigencies of the global economy† (Cox, in Pierson 179). This excerpt makes a direct reference to a lessening of state autonomy due to global economies. For this reason, it is clear that Realist democracy is challenged by the world’s economy and market forces that compromise autonomy. The economic implications of globalization mirror those associated with decreased anarchy; for example, if economic reforms are made to comply with the international system, this results in states focusing on international economic policies over domestic ones. The working class will most certainly lose out to those who hold political positions – the elites, who will mold economic reforms around the international order and, more often than not, their own interests. For Communitarian democracies, global economics impedes the possibility of creating cohesive and collective communities. With economic concerns subjected to the influences of global markets, Communitarian democracies cannot set there own economic agenda. Moreover, the Communitarian ideal of setting a collective goal as to what the ‘good life’ should be is nearly impossible since the international economic order infiltrates domestic affairs. As Pierson notes, â€Å"In practice, state organizations have multiple points of interaction with both domestic and trans-national actors and these interactions are very far from disclosing a single and unified will† (Pierson 185). By imposing an influence on states, global market forces combat the Communitarian ideal of forming a collective vision of the ‘good life.’ Chapter 8 of Holden, entitled The United Nations as an agency of global democracy (Falk) and Chapter 10, Global civil society and the democratic prospect (Archibugi, Balduini, Donati) both focus on the idea of strengthening and broadening the influence of civil society to combat (what Falk refers to as) globalization-from-above. The Archibugi, Balduini, and Donati text focuses on the Agenda proposed by Boutros Boutros-Ghali, which in turn places a large focus on the democratization of the international community as the key to better international relations. The Realist conception of democracy would embrace this sort of change. With a system that provides â€Å"a relevant representation of society† and de-monopolizes intergovernmental relations as the sole means of international relations, the citizenry of the world will realize a new possibility to voice concerns on an international level (Archibugi et al, in Holden 137). For people in Realist democracies this means that political involvement that was once only a mere ‘handing-over of power’ to a representative is now a legitimate voice to be heard beyond the confines of the state. An important feature of Ghali’s vision was the creation of UN Regional Organizations that would cater to civil society and make civil interests a higher priority. Falk’s concept of stronger social activism (globalization-from-below) to combat global market forces (globalization-from-above) would assist the Communitarian goal of correcting the growing imbalance between private and public goods (Falk, in Holden 163,173). Communitarians would support the equalizing aspects of this arrangement since it would contribute better to the philosophy of allowing a community to form its objectives without external influences. For Falk, the reformation of states to find a better balance, â€Å"†¦between the logic of capital and priorities of its peoples† is paramount in the effort to promote more effective democracy. In both the Communitarian and Realist views, a reform of the international political order in this manner would be a step in the right direction. BIBLIOGRAPHY Goldmann, Kjell, 2001. Transforming the European Nation-State. London: Sage Publications. Holden, Barry (ed.), 2000. Global Democracy. London: Routledge. Pierson, Christopher, 1996. The Modern State. London: Routledge. Stevenson, Nick, 1999. The Transformation of the Media: Globalization, Morality, and Ethics. Harlow, Essex: Pearson Education Limited. Swedish Government, 2002. The Swedish Government’s EU Policy Goals for 2002.

Sexual Suicide by Honeybees

Sexual Suicide by Honeybees The male honeybee, called a drone, exists for one reason and one reason only: to mate with a  virgin queen. He is entirely expendable after he provides this service to the colony. The drone takes his mission seriously, however, and  gives his life for the cause.   How Honeybees Do the Deed Honeybee sex occurs in mid-air when the queen flies out in search of mates, her one and only nuptial flight. Drones compete for the chance to mate with their queen, swarming around her as she flies. Eventually, a brave drone will make his move. As the drone grasps the queen, he everts his endophallus  using a contraction of his abdominal muscles and hemostatic pressure  and inserts it tightly into the queens reproductive tract. He immediately ejaculates with such explosive force that the tip of his endophallus  is left behind inside the queen and his abdomen ruptures. The drone falls to the ground, where he dies soon after. The next drone removes the previous drones endophallus and inserts his, mates, and then dies as well.  Ã‚   Queen Bees Really Get Around During her one nuptial flight, the queen will mate with a dozen or more partners, leaving a trail of dead drones in her wake. Any drones that remain around the hive in the fall will be unceremoniously  driven from the colony  before cold weather sets in.  Honey  stores are simply too precious to waste on a sperm donor. The queen, on the other hand, will store the  sperm for use throughout her life. The queen can store 6 million  sperm and keep them viable for up to seven years, with the potential of producing 1.7 million offspring during her lifetime, as she uses a few at a time to fertilize her eggs. Bee Egg Development In late winter, the queen then lays eggs in the cells of the hive, up to 1,000 in one day at the height of the season. The hive needs mature bees to be ready to go when flowers with pollen are emerging, but she will continue to lay eggs until fall. Worker bee eggs mature in about 21 days, drones in about 24 days (from unfertilized eggs), and other queens in about 16 days. The hive needs backup queens in case the queen dies, becomes incapable of laying eggs or is lost because a hive doesnt survive without one.   What Workers Do In contrast to the drones, female worker bees take on many jobs. They clean cells for eggs to be laid; feed larvae; construct the comb; guard the hive; and forage. They can lay an egg to become a drone if needed, but their eggs cant become workers or queens.

Margaret Murray Washington, First Lady of Tuskegee

Margaret Murray Washington, First Lady of Tuskegee Margaret Murray Washington was an educator, administrator, reformer, and clubwoman who married Booker T. Washington and worked closely with him at Tuskegee and on educational projects. She was very well known in her own time, she was somewhat forgotten in later treatments of black history, perhaps because of her association with a more conservative approach to winning racial equality. Early Years Margaret Murray Washington was born in Macon, Mississippi on March 8 as Margaret James Murray.  According to the 1870 census, she was born in 1861; her tombstone gives 1865 as her birth year.  Her mother, Lucy Murray, was a former slave and a washerwoman, mother of four to nine children (sources, even those approved by Margaret Murray Washington in her lifetime, have different numbers).  Margaret stated later in life that her father, an Irishman whose name is not known, died when she was seven years old.  Margaret and her older sister and next younger brother are listed in that 1870 census as â€Å"mulatto† and the youngest child, a boy then four, as black.  Ã‚   Also according to later stories by Margaret, after her father’s death, she moved in with a brother and sister named Sanders, Quakers, who served as adoptive or foster parents to her. She still was close to her mother and siblings; she is listed in the 1880 census as living at home with her mother, along with her older sister and, now, two younger sisters.  Later, she said that she had nine siblings and that only the youngest, born about 1871, had children. Education The Sanders guided Margaret towards a career in teaching.  She, like many women of the time, began teaching in local schools without any formal training; after one year, in 1880, she decided to pursue such formal training anyway at Fisk Preparatory School in Nashville, Tennessee.  By that time she was 19 years old, if the census record is correct; she may have understated her age believing that the school preferred younger students.  She worked half time and took the training half time, graduating with honors in 1889.  W.E.B. Du Bois was a classmate and became a lifelong friend. Tuskegee Her performance at Fisk was enough to win her a job offer at a Texas college, but she took a teaching position at Tuskegee Institute in Alabama instead.  By the next year, 1890, she had become the lady principal at the school, responsible for female students.  She succeeded Anna Thankful Ballantine, who had been involved in hiring her. A predecessor in that job was Olivia Davidson Washington, second wife of Booker T. Washington, Tuskegee’s famous founder, who died in May of 1889, and was still held in high respect at the school. Booker T. Washington Within the year, the widowed Booker T. Washington, who had met Margaret Murray at her Fisk senior dinner, began courting her.  She was reluctant to marry him when he asked her to do so.  She did not get along with one of his brothers with whom he was especially close, and that brother’s wife who had been caring for Booker T. Washington’s children after he was widowed.  Washington’s daughter, Portia, was outright hostile towards anyone taking her mother’s place. With marriage, she would become also the stepmother of his three still-young children.  Eventually, she decided to accept his proposal, and they were married on October 10, 1892. Mrs. Washington’s Role At Tuskegee, Margaret Murray Washington not only served as Lady Principal, with charge over the female students – most of whom would become teachers and faculty, she also founded the Women’s Industries Division and herself taught domestic arts. As Lady Principal, she was part of the school’s executive board. She also served as acting head of the school during her husband’s frequent travels, especially after his fame spread after a speech at the Atlanta Exposition in 1895.  His fundraising and other activities kept him away from the school as much as six months out of the year. Women’s Organizations She supported the Tuskegee agenda, summarized in the motto â€Å"Lifting as We Climb,† of responsibility to work to improve not only one’s self but the whole race.  This commitment she also lived out in her involvement in black women’s organizations, and in frequent speaking engagements.  Invited by Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin, she helped form the National Federation of Afro-American Women in 1895, which merged the next year under her presidency with the Colored Women’s League, to form the National Association of Colored Women (NACW). â€Å"Lifting as We Climb† became the motto of the NACW. There, editing and publishing the journal for the organization, as well as serving as secretary of the executive board, she represented the conservative wing of the organization, focused on a more evolutionary change of African Americans to prepare for equality.  She was opposed by Ida B. Wells-Barnett, who favored a more activist stance, challenging racism more directly and with visible protest.  This reflected a division between the more cautious approach of her husband, Booker T. Washington, and the more radical position of W.E.B. Du Bois.  Margaret Murray Washington was president of the NACW for four years, beginning in 1912, as the organization increasingly moved towards the more political orientation of Wells-Barnett. Other Activism One of her other activities was organizing regular Saturday mother’s meetings at Tuskegee. Women of the town would come for socializing and an address, often by Mrs. Washington. The children who came with the mothers had their own activities in another room, so their mothers could focus on their meeting.  The group grew by 1904 to about 300 women. She often accompanied her husband on speaking trips, as the children grew old enough to be left in the care of others. Her task was often to address the wives of the men who attended her husband’s talks. In 1899, she accompanied her husband on a European trip. In 1904, Margaret Murray Washington’s niece and nephew came to live with the Washingtons at Tuskegee.  The nephew, Thomas J. Murray, worked at the bank associated with Tuskegee. The niece, much younger, took the name of Washington. Widowhood Years and Death In 1915, Booker T. Washington fell ill and his wife accompanied him back to Tuskegee where he died. He was buried next to his second wife on the campus at Tuskegee.  Margaret Murray Washington remained at Tuskegee, supporting the school and also continuing outside activities.  She denounced African Americans of the South who moved North during the Great Migration.  She was president from 1919 until 1925 of the Alabama Association of Women’s Clubs. She became involved in work to address issues of racism for women and children globally, founding and heading the International Council of Women of the Darker Races in 1921.  The organization, which was to promote â€Å"a larger appreciation of their history and accomplishment† in order to have â€Å"a greater degree of race pride for their own achievements and touch a greater themselves,† did not survive very long after Murray’s death. Still active at Tuskegee up until her death on June 4, 1925, Margaret Murray Washington was long considered the â€Å"first lady of Tuskegee.†Ã‚  She was buried next to her husband, as was his second wife.

Internship experience Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Internship experience - Term Paper Example This report develops a sense of women entrepreneurs on the basis of both current and academic literature reviews. In both cases, limited information and the unavailability of statistical data were the core problem to carry out the project. Gathering information from women is as difficult as MENA (Middle East and North Africa) due to cultural constraints. Many of the businesswomen do not operate their business publicly and cannot register their business officially. Design: Due to the lack of statistical data and difficulties in Arabian society qualitative research based methodology is considered here. The research comprised of 30 in-depth interviews with Saudi women entrepreneurs who were identified through referrals from my supervisor Marwah Asilan (Director of Chamber of Commerce and industry). Moreover the hypothesis of this project is also formed on the basis of some books like Global Empowerment of Women by Carolyn (2013) and Saudi Women by Fatany (2007). Purpose: The empowerment of women in different sectors is my area of interest and the subject of research. However due to lack of information in entrepreneurs’ business practice several questions regarding the survival and growth strategies, their perception of entrepreneurial carriers have yet not answered. To address this gap this study is done by me. The main purpose of this study is to examine their motivating factors, perception and business challenges. Findings: There is a Saudi chamber of Commerce and Industry in each major business center in Saudi Arabia. In Madinah this institution specially focuses on the formation of female oriented jobs. It provides helpful networking opportunities for women to the job market. Being a member of this organization I have also tried to find out some possible job opportunities for them. Here I have considered married women with their children and they operated service business. The business included spas and beauty salons, a computer graphic and repair shop, market consultants, public relations. All women had college education. In these findings some strategies are suggested that will motivate the women to be entrepreneur in Saudi Arabia. This research is evaluated on the basis of some questions. These questions were set up on the basis of their financial achievement and satisfaction from their working experience. The study has also emphasized on the problems faced by them being inhabitants of this country. Implication: The main constraint of this study is the limited source of data. A more extensive research is needed and the research area should have a number of dimensions including the selection of industries and countries. My role as an intern was to help the organization lay the foundation for women empowerment. Some advantages of the women entrepreneurship are as follows. Women become interested to pursue higher education. The females of new generation are more concerned about their valued in the society. The government has taken an initiative step to encourage the entrepreneurial women and has opened separate financial institutions for women. Unlike some countries they can easily get informal credit that helps them to explore their business. There are also some disadvantages. The women need male permission whenever they are going to take participation in the job market. Though the government has already taken some steps but it is not

Sudden Death Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sudden Death - Case Study Example The human rights mechanisms of the United Nations have addressed the issue of discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity in a range of ways. From the various discussions and considerations of the United Nations human rights mechanism, it is clear that lesbian, gay men, bisexuals, etc. have the right to non-discrimination and that they have the right to equality before the law. (Ian Martin, 2006)1 The present study focused on the issue of a man who is identified as bisexual is found dead in his apartment and has not been seen by his neighbors for the past five months. He was dead for the past six weeks. At the inquest, it came to light that he was not known to anybody, only a friends number was found, when contacted revealed that he had no family, was bisexual and was feared of being infected with HIV+. Same sex couples do not enjoy the same rights and protections as opposite sex couples, and consequently suffer from discrimination and disadvantage in access to social protection schemes, such as health care and pensions. In the labour market, a majority of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender people continue to hide their sexual orientation or to endure harassment out of fear of losing their job. In a book published by the International Labour Organization (ILO) in 2003, Jordi Estivill explains that "social exclusion may be understood as an accumulation of confluent processes with successive ruptures arising from the heart of the economy, politics and society, which gradually distances and places persons, groups, communities and territories in a position of inferiority in relation to centres of power, resources and prevailing values". People can be socially excluded as a result of many different, and sometimes compounding, factors. While young Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgend er people are at risk of being discriminated and excluded because of their sexual orientation. The exclusion experienced by Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender people results mostly from the discrimination they face in all spheres of life, a discrimination which hampers their ability to have and access equal rights, and to participate fully in society. For one of the main characteristics of the social exclusion of LGBT people is their invisibility and marginalisation, or in more political terms, the lack of recognition of LGBT people as full members of a community and as citizens. (Judit Takacs 2006:5-11) 2 Social exclusion is a shorthand term for what can happen when people suffer from a combination of linked problems, such as unemployment, poor skills, low incomes, poor housing, high crime environments, bad health and family breakdown. The issue of social exclusion is multi-dimensional and one form of exclusion will often lead to another. Social exclusion leads to poor self est eem, which is implicated in HIV risk taking. A study shows that groups primarily affected by HIV in UK are those who are marginalized or socially excluded by the society. 3 Social disorganization may be the cause for the death of person. According to Strain theory of Cohen Cloward & Ohlin Agnew, when individuals cannot obtain goals, hey experience strain or pressure. Under certain conditions, they are likely to respond to this strain through crime. The strains leading to crime, however, may not only be linked to goal blockage but also to the presentation of noxious stimuli and the taking away of valued stimuli. Crime is a more